Normally, Communication
is the process of sending and receiving message, while communicate sharing
knowledge attitudes and skills with others in the form of gestures, posture,
touches , smells, facial expressions, spoken or written message and as well as
with sounds.
And politics means, it
referred as a policy making tool or depart which covers the overall sectors of
the entire nation: social, economical, cultural and so on. It also considers
inner or outer activities of a certain group or organization.
The original meaning of
the term “politics” comes from the Greek term for city “POLIS”; those with the
right to participate in deliberations were politicians. Politics, then, is
about the right to participate in decisions governing one’s life.
Normally communication
always gives priority to political communication. Communication always gives to
political communication or communication itself began political communication.
So, 'Political communication is a subfield of communication and political
science that is concerned with how information spreads and influences politics'.
(Wikipedia.com)
The study and practice of political communication focuses on
the ways and means of expression of a political nature. Robert E. Denton and
Gary C. Woodward, two important contributors to the field, in Political
Communication in America characterize
it as the ways and intentions of message senders to influence the political environment. This includes public
discussion (e.g. political speeches, news media coverage, and ordinary
citizens' talk) that considers who has authority to sanction, the allocation of
public resources, who has authority to make decision, as well as social meaning
like what makes someone American. In their words "the crucial factor that
makes communication 'political' is not the source of a message, but its content
and purpose." (Wikipedia)
According
to Aristotle “man is a political animal.” Because he gives reason
and communicate with others, therefore, has the potential to alter or change
his living conditions for better because he can recognize the difference from
right or wrong. It’s mean that man is by nature a political
animal.
Historical
Development of Political Communication:
Political communication
started from the ancient period. After 2,000 years ago political communication
was in practiced. Roman king Julies Caesar posted public news sheets. Which
called Actadurina, this was the first practices of actual political
communication in 59. On that newspaper
posted, the activities of palace and the information about war. It was the
first daily newspaper of the world.
This newspaper was fulfilling
by the political matters. Through most of the years the Roman Empire and the
middle ages, the distribution of news came under the strict control of both
secular and ecclesiastical authorities (Herbert, 1988:41). At that time the
real political communication was not there but the practices was started, at
the same time the restriction of ruling power on information also there.
Because they feared about that people will be well informed and can go against
them.
According to the
Aristotle (384-322 BC) describes man as “a political animal” whose active
participation in decision –making process enables him to achieve happiness and
render service to the society. Aristotle
propagates citizen participation in state affairs.
Similarly, Plato
(427-347 B.C.), brought out the republic discussing the best for the state, the
pros and cons of democracy, politicians and their practices. He also discusses
the prospect and pitfalls that politicians face when pursuing their course in
the governance of the state, and their public postures and principles.
In the history of Great
Britain, 1215, the right of citizens against state and monarchy was assured as
a magnacarta. This was the great change in politics. Magnacarta was the first
draft of human right, and many other fundamental rights were secure at that
time by these documents. Similarly, Different angle ruler use a political
communication by different medium.
Thus the political
communication was started, but the real practices were after the invention of
press. 1456 AD is the turning point in the history of printing press. The first
moveable press was invented by Gutenberg in Garman. Tele print of moveable type
was the religious book bible. After the invention, it spread all over the
Europe rapidly. In Garman the government was not strict but the first English
printer William Caxton was putted jail in Britain. Here is also politics. So,
it is true we are not far from politics.
During Nepal's the malla kings period is a mediaeval period.
Ari malla was first king of that period. The malla king in Kathmandu valley had
large halls for holding assemblies. Siddhinarsingh malla in lalitpur, pratap
malla in kantipur and Bhupatindra malla in Bhaktapur construced palace that to
this date demonstrate the acrchtectural brilliance of the contemporary age.
Similarly, the lichchhavian political system is guided by dharma –shastras, “As
dharma ruled supreme, the lichchhavian kings and the people were bound together
by the nexus of duties rather than rights. Politics is full of power. Sometimes
politics became narrow some time broad according to time period. But the
purpose of politics did not change. But, political party is always autonomy.
Conclusion:
Political communication
is a process of communicating ideas and thoughts with in political institution
and political activity with the people. Political communication organizes
dialogue, debate and discussion on political activities and events for
awareness. It is also mainly supporting development of nation. Political
communicators can't ignore the fact that a public consists of a numerous
publics each converged by personal interests, hobbies, professions, community,
geography and ideology. Since messages are tailored accordingly, media are
fragmented in developed society where public are willing to access special
interest channels of mass media and other information.
Political
communication started from the ancient period. After 2,000 years ago political
communication was in practiced. But the real practices were after the invention
of press. 1456 AD is the turning point in the history of printing press.
Reference/Bibliography
Book:
-
Kharel,
p. (2010) Political Communication.
Sangam Institute, Kathmandu
-
Kharel,
p. (2012) Media for Particapatory
Democracy. Kamala Kharel, Kathmandu
Online:
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